With the rapid development of metaverse technology, data security governance within its innovation ecosystem has become a critical challenge. This study explores data security collaborative governance decision-making aimed at maximizing energy efficiency and minimizing environmental impact throughout the data lifecycle. It proposes an innovative model for synergistic data security governance and green sustainability, constructing an efficient, secure, and sustainable governance framework. This provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the long-term healthy development of the metaverse ecosystem. Against the backdrop of the metaverse, this paper constructs three game models – Nash non-cooperative, Stackelberg leader-follower, and collaborative cooperative – based on complex systems theory, collaborative governance theory, and differential game theory. From a dynamic perspective, it examines the data security collaborative governance decision-making issues among three key entities: core enterprises, research institutions, and the government. Finally, numerical simulation analysis is conducted. The research findings reveal the following: (1) Government policy support and innovation subsidies can enhance the willingness of core enterprises and research institutions to engage in collaborative governance. Under government incentives and subsidies, the optimal benefits for participating entities and the overall benefits of the ecosystem are improved. (2) The three game mechanisms have heterogeneous effects on improving collaborative governance levels. When the initial level of collaborative governance is low, all three mechanisms can drive its improvement. As the level of collaborative governance increases, the leader-follower game under government incentives promotes better collaborative governance outcomes in the innovation ecosystem. When the level of collaborative governance is very high, only the collaborative cooperation mechanism can further enhance it. (3) Strategies in the cooperative game not only involve optimal decision analysis but also emphasize the promotion of ecosystem integration and optimization through synergistic mechanisms to achieve whole-process, dynamic data security governance, while promoting efficient resource utilization and environmental sustainability, and building a synergistic governance model between data security and green development.