With the development of modern agriculture and green environmental protection concepts, recycling agricultural waste has become an important direction for sustainable development. However, effective means to achieve clean agricultural production, sustainable utilization of agricultural resources, and solve the difficulties in the development of modern agriculture are still insufficient. This paper explores the feasibility of using abandoned mulberry branches to cultivate edible fungi. The recycling project of mulberry branches is analyzed through the data provided by Yuexi County Siyuan Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. The economic benefit model of return on investment is simulated and analyzed, and the impact of carbon emission reduction and energy saving benefits on the environment is further calculated through formulas. Studies have shown that abandoned mulberry branches are rich in lignocellulose and are suitable as raw materials for edible fungi culture medium. The use of reasonable treatment methods can significantly improve the degradation rate of mulberry branch matrix, cultivate high-quality edible fungi, and bring green economic benefits. At the same time, this model can not only effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by mulberry branch burning, but also reduce the production cost of edible fungi and increase added value. It has good waste management and resource recycling, and provides good economic, social, and environmental benefits.